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Introduction As the world grapples with the dual challenges of food insecurity and environmental degradation, agroforestry has emerged as a sustainable land-use practice that integrates trees, crops, and sometimes livestock on the same
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Soil carbon sequestration — the process of capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and storing it as organic carbon in soils — is one of the most promising nature-based climate solutions that also improves
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Executive summary — Farmer cooperatives improve market access by pooling production, strengthening bargaining power, lowering transaction costs, enabling quality and volume aggregation, and opening pathways to new buyers, value-adding activities, and finance. Their
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Agriculture remains the backbone of most rural economies worldwide, yet smallholder farmers often face challenges such as limited access to improved technologies, poor extension services, and vulnerability to climate change. Traditional top-down agricultural
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Introduction Crop pests are a major threat to global agriculture, causing up to 40% yield losses annually, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In Africa and many parts of the developing
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Introduction Across Africa, smallholder farmers produce the majority of the continent’s food supply, yet they face persistent challenges — fluctuating market prices, post-harvest losses, high input costs, and climate shocks. On the consumer
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Introduction Food security — ensuring that people have consistent access to safe, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food — remains one of the greatest global challenges. In Africa, Asia, and Latin America, where smallholder
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Introduction As global agriculture faces the twin challenges of feeding a growing population and preserving the environment, farmers are turning to intercropping — the practice of cultivating two or more crops on the
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Introduction Nigeria, with its vast arable land and rich agricultural heritage, relies heavily on smallholder farmers who produce about 70% of the nation’s food supply. Yet, these farmers face mounting challenges — soil
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Climate change is significantly impacting agricultural productivity, food security, and the livelihoods of millions of farmers worldwide. Women farmers, in particular, face unique challenges due to limited access to resources, technology, and decision-making
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